Freight density expresses shipment weight relative to the space it occupies. It is an important input for LTL planning and many density-based classification structures.
How to use this calculator
Enter the greatest outside length, width and height of one handling unit, quantity and weight per unit. For palletized cargo, include the pallet, packaging and projections in the tendered dimensions.
Formula and method
In U.S. LTL work, cubic feet = length × width × height in inches ÷ 1,728. Density in pounds per cubic foot (pcf) = total shipment weight in pounds ÷ total cubic feet. The tool also reports kg/m³.
Worked example
A 48 × 40 × 45 inch pallet weighing 450 lb occupies 50 ft³. Its density is 9 lb/ft³.
What to check before you ship
Use accurate outside dimensions. The National Motor Freight Traffic Association notes that density is based on the greatest straight-line dimensions of the handling unit as tendered, including projections. Classification can involve factors beyond density.
Why the result matters
Accurate dimensions and weights help with quoting, space planning and avoiding preventable adjustments. Always use the packaged outside dimensions that will actually be tendered for transport, and verify any carrier-specific rules that affect billing or classification.
Density is a measurement, not an official freight class. For an estimated density-based class, use the freight class calculator; the LTL density guide explains the distinction.